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This textbook provides a physical understanding of what photons are and of their properties and applications. Special emphasis is made in the text to entangled photon pairs which exhibit quantum mechanical correlations over manifestly macroscopic distances. Such photon pairs make possible such exciting techniques as teleportation and quantum cryptography, as well as the physical realisation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type experiments. In addition, nonclassical properties of light, such as photon antibunching and squeezing, as well as quantum phase measurement and optical tomography are discussed. The author describes relevant experiments and elucidates the physical ideas behind them. This book will be of interest to undergraduates and graduate students studying optics, and to any physicist with an interest in the mysteries of the photon and exciting modern work in quantum cryptography and teleportation.

Photons. --- Photons --- Quantum optics. --- Optics --- Quantum theory --- Light quantum --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment

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This work provides a necessary overview of the quantum description of electromagnetic field in order to understand the various physical processes associated with those photon-atom interactions appearing in atom and molecular physics, quantum optics and laser physics.

Quantum electrodynamics. --- Photons. --- Atoms. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Light quantum --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment --- Electrodynamics, Quantum --- QED (Physics) --- Quantum field theory --- Schwinger action principle --- Constitution

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This work gives a general overview of the problem of wave propagation in random media when taking the phenomena of physics into account, wherein the effects of quantum interference play an essential role. It represents a solid introduction to mesoscopic physics.

Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics) --- Photons. --- Electrons. --- Corpuscular theory of matter --- Atoms --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Matter --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Cathode rays --- Ions --- Positrons --- Light quantum --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment --- Phenomena, Mesoscopic (Physics) --- Physics --- Constitution

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This book focuses on the gradual formation of the concept of ‘light quanta’ or ‘photons’, as they have usually been called in English since 1926. The great number of synonyms that have been used by physicists to denote this concept indicates that there are many different mental models of what ‘light quanta’ are: simply finite, ‘quantized packages of energy’ or ‘bullets of light’? ‘Atoms of light’ or ‘molecules of light’? ‘Light corpuscles’ or ‘quantized waves’? Singularities of the field or spatially extended structures able to interfere? ‘Photons’ in G.N. Lewis’s sense, or as defined by QED, i.e. virtual exchange particles transmitting the electromagnetic force? The term ‘light quantum’ made its first appearance in Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper on a “heuristic point of view” to cope with the photoelectric effect and other forms of interaction of light and matter, but the mental model associated with it has a rich history both before and after 1905. Some of its semantic layers go as far back as Newton and Kepler, some are only fully expressed several decades later, while others initially increased in importance then diminished and finally vanished. In conjunction with these various terms, several mental models of light quanta were developed—six of them are explored more closely in this book. It discusses two historiographic approaches to the problem of concept formation: (a) the author’s own model of conceptual development as a series of semantic accretions and (b) Mark Turner’s model of ‘conceptual blending’. Both of these models are shown to be useful and should be explored further. This is the first historiographically sophisticated history of the fully fledged concept and all of its twelve semantic layers. It systematically combines the history of science with the history of terms and a philosophically inspired history of ideas in conjunction with insights from cognitive science.

Photons. --- Light quantum --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment --- Quantum theory. --- History. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Quantum Physics. --- History of Science. --- Quantum Optics. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Physics. --- Quantum physics. --- Quantum optics. --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Physics—Philosophy. --- Science—History. --- Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy.

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This volume reports on all aspects of high energy photon interactions using both photon and proton targets. Significant new results from the LEP and HERA experiments as well as from CLEO II and BELLE are presented. These data are confronted with diverse theoretical models. In particular, predictions of QCD in both the perturbative and the non-perturbative sector are extensively discussed. The prospects for gamma-gamma physics at future high energy colliders are also reviewed. In total 72 papers are collected. The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:. Index to Scientific & Technica

Photon-photon interactions --- Photons --- Inclusive processes (Nuclear physics) --- Exclusive reactions (Nuclear physics) --- Exclusive interactions (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Light quantum --- Light --- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment --- Gamma-gamma interactions --- Interactions, Gamma-gamma --- Interactions, Photon-photon --- Photon-photon collisions --- Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Photonuclear reactions --- Multiplicity